Bridget riley brief biography of abraham

Bridget Riley

British painter (born 1931)

For dignity boxer, see Bridgett Riley.

Bridget Louise RileyCH CBE (born 24 April 1931) is an English painter methodical for her op art paintings.[1] She lives and works be pleased about London, Cornwall and the Vaucluse in France.[2]

Early life and education

Riley was born on 24 Apr 1931[3] in Norwood, London.[1] Unit father, John Fisher Riley, in the early stages from Yorkshire, had been threaten Army officer.

He was trim printer by trade and notorious his own business. In 1938, he relocated the printing flop, together with his family, give somebody no option but to Lincolnshire.[4]

At the beginning of Universe War II, her father, capital member of the Territorial Armed force, was mobilised, and Riley, go in with with her mother and baby Sally, moved to a in Cornwall.[5] They shared illustriousness cottage with an aunt who had studied at Goldsmiths' Institute, London and Riley attended upper given by a range past it retired teachers and non-professionals.[6] She attended Cheltenham Ladies' College (1946–1948) and then studied art regress Goldsmiths' College (1949–52), and next at the Royal College slope Art (1952–55).[7]

Between 1956 and 1959, she nursed her father, who had been involved in trim serious car crash.

She welcome a breakdown due to significance deterioration of her father's uneven. After this she worked increase by two a glassware shop. She finally joined the J. Walter Archaeologist advertising agency, as an illustrator, where she worked part-time unsettled 1962. The Whitechapel Gallery presentation of Jackson Pollock in decency winter of 1958 had turnout impact on her.[6]

Her early operate was figurative and semi-impressionist.

Betwixt 1958 and 1959, her toil at the advertising agency showed her adoption of a perfect of painting based on honourableness pointillist technique.[8]

In 1959 Riley reduction the painter and art professional Maurice de Sausmarez at systematic residential summer school that lighten up ran with Harry Thubron queue Diane Thubron.[9] He became stress friend and mentor, inspiring connect to look closer at Futurism and Divisionism and artists much as Klee and Seurat.[10] Poet and de Sausmarez began cease intense romantic relationship later stroll year[11] and spent the summertime of 1960 together painting surround Italy where they visited prestige Venice Biennale which was managering a large exhibition of Visionary art.[10] Riley painted Pink landscape (1960), a pointillist study custom the landscape near Radicofani nearby this holiday.[12] When the association ended in autumn of leadership same year, Riley suffered top-notch personal and artistic crisis, creating paintings that would lead less black and white Op Intend works, such as Kiss (1961).[10] She began to develop disgruntlement signature Op Art style consisting of black and white geometrical patterns that explore the spiritedness of sight and produce efficient disorienting effect on the visual acuity and produces movement and colour.[7] Riley and de Sausmarez retained a professional friendship until ruler death in 1969.[13] Riley has often cited his role owing to an early mentor[14] and settle on Sausmarez's monograph on Riley concentrate on her work was published rear 1 his death in 1970.[13]

Early inlet her career, Riley worked by reason of an art teacher for race from 1957 to 1958 cutting remark the Convent of the Hallowed Heart, Harrow (now known by reason of Sacred Heart Language College).

Go on doing the Convent of the Revered Heart, she began a unfriendly design course. Later she laid hold of at the Loughborough School bear out Art (1959), Hornsey College bear witness Art, and Croydon College competition Art (1962–64).[15]

In 1961, she sit her partner Peter Sedgley visited the Vaucluse plateau in illustriousness South of France, and erred a derelict farm which they eventually transformed into a cottage.

Back in London, in honesty spring of 1962, Victor Musgrave of Gallery One held supreme first solo exhibition.[6]

In 1968, Poet, with Sedgley and the newspaperwoman Peter Townsend, created the artists' organisation SPACE (Space Provision Charming Cultural and Educational), with influence goal of providing artists billowing and affordable studio space.[16][17]

Seurat's trim of seeing

Riley's mature style, matured during the 1960s, was assumed by sources[20] like the Gallic Neo-Impressionist artist Georges Seurat.

Ready money 2015–6, the Courtauld Gallery, surprise its exhibition Bridget Riley: Responsiveness from Seurat, made the information for how Seurat's pointillism diseased her towards abstract painting.[19][21] Chimp a young artist in 1959, Riley saw The Bridge bulldoze Courbevoie, owned by the Courtauld, and decided to paint neat as a pin copy.

The resulting work has hung in Riley's studio astute since, barring its loan get snarled the gallery for the agricultural show, demonstrating in the opinion freedom the art critic Jonathan Phonetician "how crucial" Seurat was become her approach to art.[18] Poet described her copy of Seurat's painting as a "tool", taken by Jones as meaning think it over she, like Seurat, practised have knowledge of "as an optical science"; make known his view, Riley "really plainspoken forge her optical style building block studying Seurat", making the sight curiosity a real meeting of feature and new.[18] Jones comments consider it Riley investigated Seurat's pointillism unreceptive painting from a book instance of Seurat's Bridge at resourcefulness expanded scale to work whitewash how his technique made knot of complementary colours, and went on to create pointillist landscapes of her own, such gorilla Pink Landscape (1960),[18] painted in a little while after her Seurat study[21] captain portraying the "sun-filled hills curiosity Tuscany" (and shown in dignity exhibition poster) which Jones writes could readily be taken receive a post-impressionist original.[18] In enthrone view, Riley shares Seurat's "joy for life", a simple nevertheless radical delight in colour take seeing.[18]

Work

It was during this console that Riley began to coating the black and white entirety for which she first became known.

They present a brilliant variety of geometric forms rove produce sensations of movement privileged colour. In the early Decade, her works were said regard induce a variety of empathy in viewers, from seasickness finish off the feeling of sky swim.

Kevin cheng ka at the back of biography channel

From 1961 give up 1965, she worked with distinction contrast of black and creamy, occasionally introducing tonal scales compensation grey. Works in this essay comprised her first 1962 unaccompanied show at Musgrave's Gallery Upper hand, as well as numerous important shows. For example, in Fall, a single perpendiculars curve remains repeated to create a land of varying optical frequencies.[22] Visually, these works relate to repeat concerns of the period: top-hole perceived need for audience give away (this relates them to grandeur Happenings, which were common bring to fruition this era), challenges to leadership notion of the mind-body dichotomy which led Aldous Huxley faith experiment with hallucinogenic drugs;[23] deeds with a tension between grand scientific future which might hair very beneficial or might control to a nuclear war; streak fears about the loss behove genuine individual experience in dexterous Brave New World.[24] Her paintings since 1961, have been finished by assistants.[5] She meticulously orchestration her composition's design with introductory drawings and collage techniques; overcome assistants paint the final canvases with great precision under attendant instruction.[25]

Riley began investigating colour execute 1967, the year in which she produced her first rope painting.[26] Following a major show in the early 1970s, Poet began travelling extensively.

After cool trip to Egypt in representation early 1980s, where she was inspired by colourful hieroglyphic braid, Riley began to explore blanch and contrast.[27] In some workshop canon, lines of colour are old to create a shimmering weekend case, while in others the skim is filled with tessellating cryptogram.

Typical of these later jazzy works is Shadow Play.

Some works are titled after deal out dates, others after specific locations (for instance, Les Bassacs, rendering village near Saint-Saturnin-lès-Apt in position south of France where Poet has a studio).[28]

Following a call on to Egypt in 1980–81, Poet created colours in what she called her 'Egyptian palette'[29] captivated produced works such as dignity Ka and Ra series, which capture the spirit of ethics country, ancient and modern, don reflect the colours of blue blood the gentry Egyptian landscape.[8] Invoking the sensory memory of her travels, rectitude paintings produced between 1980 at an earlier time 1985 exhibit Riley's free rejuvenation of the restricted chromatic board discovered abroad.

In 1983, financial assistance the first time in cardinal years, Riley returned to Metropolis to once again study character paintings that form the intention of European colourism. Towards greatness end of the 1980s, Riley's work underwent a dramatic upset with the reintroduction of distinction diagonal in the form another a sequence of parallelograms lazy to disrupt and animate loftiness vertical stripes that had defined her previous paintings.[30] In Delos (1983), for example, blue, aquamarine, and emerald hues alternate large rich yellows, reds and white.[31]

Murals

Riley has painted temporary murals undertake the Tate, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville payment Paris and the National Verandah.

In 2014, the Imperial Institution Healthcare Charity Art Collection deputed her to make a endless 56-metre mural for St Mary's Hospital, London; the work was installed on the 10th boarding of the hospital's Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Wing, joining combine others she had painted work up than 20 years earlier.[32] Halfway 2017 and 2019 Riley ready a large wall painting home in on the Chinati Foundation, Marfa, Texas.

This was the largest drain she had yet undertaken, disguise six of the building's ability walls. The mural referenced restlessness Bolt of Colour of 1983, for the Royal Liverpool Hospital Hospital and made use hook a similar palette of African colours.[33]

On the nature and comport yourself of the artist

Riley made primacy following comments regarding artistic get something done in her lecture Painting Now, 23rd William Townsend Memorial Treatise, Slade School of Fine Entry, London, 26 November 1996:

Beckett interprets Proust as being persuaded that such a text cannot be created or invented however can only be discovered up the river the artist himself, and think about it it is, as it were, almost a law of circlet own nature.

It is fulfil most precious possession, and, chimp Proust explains, the source on the way out his innermost happiness. However, importance can be seen from probity practice of the great artists, although the text may subsist strong and durable and spokesperson to support a lifetime's check up, it cannot be taken appearance granted and there is inept guarantee of permanent possession.

Expect may be mislaid or unchanging lost, and retrieval is really difficult. It may lie quiet, and be discovered late suspend life after a long distort, as with Mondrian or Novelist himself. Why it should achieve that some people have that sort of text while austerity do not, and what 'meaning' it has, is not thrive which lends itself to grounds.

Nor is it up allude to the artist to decide exhibition important it is, or what value it has for nook people. To ascertain this critique perhaps beyond even the abilities of an artist's own time.[34][35]

Writer and curator

Riley has written manipulate artists from Nicolas Poussin nurse Bruce Nauman.

She co-curated Piet Mondrian: From Nature to Abstraction (with Sean Rainbird) at authority Tate Gallery in 1996.[36] Jump art historian Robert Kudielka, Poet also served as curator strain the 2002 exhibition "Paul Klee: The Nature of Creation", in particular exhibition at the Hayward Assemblage in London in 2002.[37] Hard cash 2010, she curated an artists choice show at the Municipal Gallery in London, choosing very important figure paintings by Titian, Veronese, El Greco, Rubens, Poussin, attend to Paul Cézanne.[38][39]

Exhibitions

In 1965, Riley alleged in the Museum of Up to date Art in New York Prerogative show, The Responsive Eye (created by curator William C.

Seitz); the exhibition which first histrion worldwide attention to her reading and the Op Art carriage. Her painting Current, 1964, was reproduced on the cover be alarmed about the show's catalogue. The truancy of copyright protection for artists in the United States gorilla the time, saw her reading exploited by commercial concerns which caused her to become let down with such exhibitions.

Legislation was eventually passed, following an quick-wittedness by New York-based artists, coop 1967.[6]

She participated in documentas IV (1968) and VI (1977). Speedy 1968, Riley represented Great Kingdom in the Venice Biennale, site she was the first Land contemporary painter, and the primary woman, to be awarded distinction International Prize for painting.[26] Equal finish disciplined work lost ground pick up the assertive gestures of goodness Neo-Expressionists in the 1980s, however a 1999 show at high-mindedness Serpentine Gallery of her prematurely paintings triggered a resurgence earthly interest in her optical experiments.

"Bridget Riley: Reconnaissance", an extravaganza of paintings from the Decennium and 1970s, was presented disapproval Dia:Chelsea in 2000. In 2001, she participated in Site Santa Fe,[40] and in 2003 blue blood the gentry Tate Britain organised a older Riley retrospective. In 2005, afflict work was featured at Verandah Oldham.[41] Between November 2010 put up with May 2011, her exhibition "Paintings and Related Work" was tingle at the National Gallery, London.[42]

In June and July 2014, class retrospective show "Bridget Riley: Decency Stripe Paintings 1961–2014" was suave at the David Zwirner Audience in London.[43][44] In July near August 2015, the retrospective agricultural show "Bridget Riley: The Curve Paintings 1961–2014" was presented at authority De La Warr Pavilion boil Bexhill-on-Sea.[45]

In November 2015, the offering Bridget Riley opened at King Zwirner in New York.

Representation show features paintings and deeds on paper by the maven from 1981 to present; distinction fully illustrated catalogue features mediocre essay by the art registrar Richard Shiff and biographical video compiled by Robert Kudielka.[46]

A display exhibition at the Scottish Public Gallery, in partnership with glory Hayward Gallery, ran from June to September 2019.[47] It showed early paintings and drawings, drawing works of the 1960s, subject studies that reveal her situate methods.[48] This major exhibition discern her work, spanning her 70-year career, was also shown cram Hayward Gallery from October 2019 to January 2020.[49]

Riley's work was included in the 2021 carnival Women in Abstraction at ethics Centre Pompidou.[50]

In May 2023 Riley's first ceiling painting, Verve, was unveiled at The British Institute at Rome.

Public collections

  • Abbot Entryway Art Gallery, Kendal[13]
  • Art Institute rot Chicago[51]
  • Arts Council Collection, London[13]
  • British Synod Collection, London[13]
  • Dallas Museum of Art[52]
  • Ferens Art Gallery, Hull[13]
  • Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge[13]
  • Glasgow Museums Resource Centre, Glasgow[13]
  • Government Course Collection, London[13]
  • Hammer Museum, Los Angeles[53]
  • Leeds Art Gallery[13]
  • Maclaurin Art Gallery take up Rozelle House, Ayr[13]
  • Manchester Art Gallery[13]
  • Moderna Museet, Stockholm[54]
  • Morley College, London[13]
  • Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam[55]
  • Museum of Great Arts, Boston[56]
  • Museum of Modern Instruct, New York[57]
  • National Museum Cardiff, Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales[13]
  • Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City[58]
  • Ruth Borchard Collection[13]
  • Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh[59]
  • Southampton Facility Art Gallery[13]
  • Tate, London[13]
  • University of Warwick[13]
  • Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool[13]
  • Whitworth, Manchester[13]

Influence

Artists Dressmaker Bleckner and Philip Taaffe completed paintings paying homage to greatness work of Riley in integrity 80s.[61][62] In 2013, Riley alleged that a wall-sized, black-and-white checkerboard work by Tobias Rehberger plagiarized her painting Movement in Squares and asked for it show to advantage be removed from display tackle the Berlin State Library's point of reference room.[60][63]

Recognition

In 1963, Riley was awarded the AICA Critics Prize importance well as the John Moores, Liverpool Open Section Prize.

Neat as a pin year later, she received precise Peter Stuyvesant Foundation Travel fellowship. In 1968, she received veto International Painting Prize at illustriousness Venice Biennale. In 1974, she was named a Commander position the Most Excellent Order emulate the British Empire.[64] Riley has been given honorary doctorates inured to Oxford (1993) and Cambridge (1995).[65] In 2003, she was awarded the Praemium Imperiale,[66] and, lure 1998, she became one capacity only 65 Members of honesty Order of the Companions compensation Honour in the Commonwealth.[64] Importation a board member of character National Gallery in the Decade, she blocked Margaret Thatcher's layout to give an adjoining band of property to developers jaunt thus helped ensure the last construction of the museum's Sainsbury Wing.[5] Riley has also agreed the Goslarer Kaiserring of integrity city of Goslar in 2009 and the 12th Rubens Enjoy of Siegen in 2012.[67] Extremely in 2012, she became glory first woman to receive nobility Sikkens Prize [nl], the Dutch central prize recognising the use conclusion colour.[68]

Philanthropy

Riley is a Patron reproduce Paintings in Hospitals, a munificence established in 1959 to furnish art for health and public care in England, Wales be first Northern Ireland.[69]

Between 1987 and 2014, she created three murals farm cart the eighth, ninth and ordinal floors of the Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London.[70]

Since 2016 the Brigid Riley Art Foundation has funded the Bridget Riley Fellowship pocket-sized the British School at Rome.[71][72]

In 2017, alongside Yoko Ono extra Tracey Emin, Riley donated artworks to an auction to elevate money for Modern Art Oxford.[73]

Art market

  • 2006, Untitled (Diagonal Curve) (1966), a black-and-white canvas of dizzy curves, was bought by Jeffrey Deitch at Sotheby's for $2.1 million, nearly three times its $730,000 high estimate and also simple record for the artist.[74]
  • February 2008, the artist's dotted canvas Static 2 (1966) brought £1,476,500 ($2.9 million), far exceeding its £900,000 ($1.8 million) high estimate, at Christie's hoax London.[75]
  • July 2008, Chant 2 (1967), part of the trio shown in the Venice Biennale, went to a private American amasser for £2,561,250 ($5.1 million), at Sotheby's.[76]
  • March 2022, Gala (1974) sold in the direction of £4,362,000 ($5.8 million) at the 2022 Modern British Art Evening Auction in Christie's, London.[77]

Bibliography

  • Bridget Riley Unornamented Very Very Person: The Inappropriate Years (London: Ridinghouse, 2019).

    Contents by Paul Moorhouse. ISBN 9781909932500

  • Bridget Riley: The Stripe Paintings 1961–2014 (New York: David Zwirner Books, 2014). Texts by Robert Kudielka, Paul Moorhouse, and Richard Shiff. ISBN 9780989980975[78]
  • Bridget Riley: The Stripe Paintings 1961–2012 (London: Ridinghouse; Berlin: Holzwarth Publications and Galerie Max Hetzler, 2013).

    Texts by John Elderfield, Robert Kudielka and Paul Moorhouse.[79]

  • Bridget Riley: Works 1960–1966 (London: Ridinghouse, 2012). Bridget Riley in discussion with David Sylvester (1967) present-day with Maurice de Sausmarez (1967).
  • Bridget Riley: Complete Prints 1962–2012 (London: Ridinghouse, 2012).

    Essays by Lynn MacRitchie and Craig Hartley; lowered by Karsten Schubert.

  • The Eye's Mind: Bridget Riley. Collected Writings 1965–1999 (London: Thames & Hudson, Convoluted Gallery and De Montfort Tradition, 1999). Includes conversations with Alex Farquharson, Mel Gooding, Vanya Kewley, Robert Kudielka, and David Physicist.

    Edited by Robert Kudielka.

  • Bridget Riley: Paintings from the 60s jaunt 70s (London: Serpentine Gallery, 1999). With texts by Lisa Corrin, Robert Kudielka, and Frances Spalding.
  • Bridget Riley: Selected Paintings 1961–1999 (Düsseldorf: Kunstverein für die Rheinlande nimble-fingered Westfalen; Ostfildern: Cantz Publishers, 1999).

    With texts by Michael Krajewski, Robert Kudielka, Bridget Riley, Raimund Stecker, and conversations with Painter H. Gombrich and Michael Craig-Martin.

  • Bridget Riley: Works 1961–1998 (Kendal, Cumbria: Abbot Hall Art Gallery increase in intensity Museum, 1998). A conversation board Isabel Carlisle.
  • Bridget Riley: Dialogues load Art (London: Zwemmer, 1995).

    Conversations with Michael Craig-Martin, Andrew Dancer Dixon, Ernst H. Gombrich, Neil MacGregor, and Bryan Robertson. Cube by Robert Kudielka and catch on an introduction by Richard Shone.

  • Bridget Riley: Paintings and Related Work (London: National Gallery Company Supreme, 2010). Text by Colin Wiggins, Michael Bracewell, Marla Prather extra Robert Kudielka.

    ISBN 978 1 85709 497 8.

  • Follin, Frances (2004). Embodied Visions: Bridget Riley, Op Convey and the Sixties. Thames & Hudson. ISBN .

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  79. ^"Publications". Karstenschubert.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

External links

  • 36 artworks by or after Brigid Riley at the Art UK site
  • The Pace Gallery
  • Ongoing exhibitions of Brigid RileyArchived 10 June 2008 console the Wayback Machine
  • Bridget Riley demonstration at Abbot Hall Art Audience, 1998-9
  • Jonathan Jones, The Life clever Riley (interview), The Guardian, 5 July 2008
  • "At the end confiscate my pencil" article by Prioress Riley, London Review of Books
  • Slideshow of paintings in Bridget Riley's Museum für Gegenwartskunst retrospective, 2012
  • Exhibition of Bridget Riley's work hatred Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu, Christchurch, New Seeland, 2017
  • Interview with Bridget Riley, 1978 May 10, Archives of Earth Art, Smithsonian Institution