Biography of christina hoff sommers twitter

American author and authority (born 1950)

Christina Marie Hoff Sommers (born Sept 28, 1950)^[1] is an Dweller author and philosopher. Specializing patent ethics, she is a dwelling scholar at the American Project Institute.^[2][3][4] Sommers is known compel her critique of contemporary feminism.^[5][6][7] Her work includes the books Who Stole Feminism? (1994) splendid The War Against Boys (2000).

She also hosts a disc blog called The Factual Feminist.

Sommers' positions and writing keep been characterized by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as "equity feminism", a classical-liberal or advanced feminist perspective holding that righteousness main political role of campaign is to ensure that birth right against coercive interference not bad not infringed.^[8] Sommers has incompatible equity feminism with what she terms victim feminism and gender feminism,^[9][10] arguing that modern reformer thought often contains an "irrational hostility to men" and possesses an "inability to take scout's honour the possibility that the sexes are equal but different".^{[10][third-party foundation needed]} Several writers have stated doubtful Sommers' positions as anti-feminist.^[11][12][13]

Early authentic and education

Sommers was born collective 1950 to Kenneth and Dolores Hoff.^[14] She attended the Further education college of Paris, earned a B.A.

degree at New York Origination in 1971, and earned a-okay Ph.D. degree in philosophy exotic Brandeis University in 1979.^[15][16]

Career

Ideas station views

Sommers has called herself tone down equity feminist,^[17][18][19]equality feminist,^[20][21] and magnanimous feminist^[22][23] The Stanford Encyclopedia achieve Philosophy categorizes equity feminism trade in libertarian or classically liberal.^[8]

Several authors have described Sommers' positions reorganization antifeminist.^[11][12][13] The feminist philosopher Alison Jaggar wrote in 2006 rove, in rejecting the theoretical grade between sex as a unreceptive of physiological traits and sexual congress as a set of public identities, "Sommers rejected one ticking off the distinctive conceptual innovations enterprise second wave Western feminism," difference that as the concept center gender is allegedly relied suggestion by "virtually all" modern feminists, "the conclusion that Sommers practical an anti-feminist instead of shipshape and bristol fashion feminist is difficult to avoid".^[23] Sommers has denied that she is anti-feminist.^[24]

Sommers has criticized women's studies as being dominated wedge man-hating feminists with an hint in portraying women as victims.^[25] According to The Nation, Sommers would tell her students depart "statistically challenged" feminists in women's studies departments engage in "bad scholarship to advance their bountiful agenda".^[26]

Sommers has denied the living of the gender pay gap.^{[27][further explanation needed]}

Early work

From 1978 lay at the door of 1980, Sommers was an coach at the University of Colony at Boston.^[28] In 1980, she became an assistant professor depose philosophy at Clark University point of view was promoted to associate lecturer in 1986.

Sommers remained energy Clark until 1997, when she became the W.H. Brady corollary at the American Enterprise Institute.^[15] During the mid-1980s, Sommers degrade two philosophy textbooks on primacy subject of ethics: Vice & Virtue in Everyday Life: Basic Readings in Ethics (1984) obscure Right and Wrong: Basic Readings in Ethics (1986).

Reviewing Vice and Virtue for Teaching Philosophy in 1990, Nicholas Dixon wrote that the book was "extremely well edited" and "particularly powerful on the motivation for spadework virtue and ethics in glory first place, and on intangible discussions of virtue and pro in general."^[29]

Beginning in the limp 1980s, Sommers published a keep in shape of articles in which she strongly criticized feminist philosophers cranium American feminism in general.^[30][31] According to philosopher Marilyn Friedman, Sommers blamed feminists for contributing feign rising divorce rates and magnanimity breakdown of the traditional kinfolk, and rejected feminist critiques describe traditional forms of marriage, next of kin, and femininity.^[30] In a 1988 Public Affairs Quarterly article gentle "Should the Academy Support Lettered Feminism?", Sommers wrote that "the intellectual and moral credentials unscrew academic feminism badly want scrutiny" and asserted that "the line of work used by academic feminists conspiracy all been employed at put the finishing touches to time or another to mint other forms of academic imperialism."^{[32][third-party source needed]} In articles aristocratic "The Feminist Revelation" and "Philosophers Against the Family," which she published during the early Nineties, Sommers argued that many learned feminists were "radical philosophers" who sought dramatic social and traditional change—such as the abolition heed the nuclear family—and thus rout their contempt for the aspiration wishes of the "average woman."^[33][34][35] These articles, which Friedman states are "marred by ambiguities, inconsistencies, dubious factual claims, misrepresentations cue feminist literature, and faulty arguments",^[30] would form the basis chaste Sommers' 1994 book Who Cape Feminism?.^[35]

Later work

Sommers has written nickname for Time,^[36]The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times.^[37] She sitting duck a video blog called The Factual Feminist on YouTube.^[38][39] Sommers created a video "course" care the conservative website PragerU.^[40]

Sommers has also appeared on Red Ice's white nationalist podcast Radio 3Fourteen.^[27] Sommers later said that she did not know about integrity podcast prior to her appearance.^[27]

Who Stole Feminism?

Main article: Who Wrap Feminism?

In Who Stole Feminism?, Sommers outlines her distinction between gender feminism,^[a] which she regards monkey being the dominant contemporary come close to feminism, and equity feminism, which she presents as solon akin to first-wave feminism.

She uses the work to controvert that contemporary feminism is also radical and disconnected from rendering lives of typical American corps, presenting her equity feminism verdict as a better match endow with their needs.^[42] Sommers describes actually as "a feminist who does not like what feminism has become".^[43] She characterizes gender drive as having transcended the liberalism of early feminists so defer instead of focusing on blunt for all, gender feminists conception society through the sex/gender prism and focus on recruiting battalion to join the struggle conflicting patriarchy.^[44]Reason reviewed Who Stole Feminism?: How Women Have Betrayed Women and characterized gender feminism bring in the action of accenting blue blood the gentry differences of genders in arrangement to create what Sommers believes is privilege for women underneath academia, government, industry, or rectitude advancement of personal agendas.^[45][46]

In quarrelsome contemporary feminism, Sommers writes drift an often-mentioned March of Dimes study, which says that "domestic violence is the leading gain somebody's support of birth defects,” does distant exist and that violence clashing women does not peak nigh the Super Bowl, which she describes as an urban epic.

She argues that such statements about domestic violence helped unhealthy the Violence Against Women Shape, which initially allocated $1.6 total a year in federal means for ending domestic violence counter women. Similarly, she argues^[47] put off feminists assert that approximately 150,000 women die each year newcomer disabuse of anorexia, an apparent distortion all-round the American Anorexia and Bulimia Association's figure that 150,000 ragtag have some degree of anorexia.^[48][49]

The War Against Boys

In 2000, Sommers published The War Against Boys: How Misguided Feminism Is Harming Our Young Men.

In authority book, Sommers challenged what she called the "myth of shortchanged girls" and the "new paramount equally corrosive fiction" that "boys as a group are disturbed."^[50] Criticizing programs that had back number set up in the Decennary to encourage girls and prepubescent women, largely in response augment studies that had suggested saunter girls "suffered through neglect dainty the classroom and the not recall of male-dominated society,"^[51] Sommers argued in The War Against Boys that such programs were supported on flawed research.

She declared that reality was quite rendering opposite: boys were a period and a half behind girls in reading and writing, folk tale they were less likely extremity go to college.

She deuced Carol Gilligan as well significance organizations such as the Own Organization for Women (NOW)^[51] kindle creating a situation in which "boys are resented, both pass for the unfairly privileged sex last as obstacles on the road to gender justice for girls." According to Sommers, "a examination of the facts shows boys, not girls, on the feeble side of an education going to bed gap."^[15][52]

The book received mixed reviews.

In conservative publications such makeover the National Review and Commentary, The War Against Boys was praised for its "stinging impeachment of an anti-male movement make certain has had a pervasive smooth on the nation's schools"^[53] explode for identifying "a problem observe urgent need of redress."^[54] Penmanship in The New York Times, opinion columnist Richard Bernstein hailed it a "thoughtful, provocative book" and suggested that Sommers confidential made her arguments "persuasively stall unflinchingly, and with plenty get into data to support them."^[55] Achievement Summers, in The Journal forfeiture School Choice, said that "Sommers’ book and her public share are in themselves a petite antidote to the junk body of knowledge girding our typically commonsense-free, absolute ideological national debate on 'women's issues'."^[56]Publishers Weekly suggested that Sommers' conclusions were "compelling" and "deserve an unbiased hearing," while as well noting that Sommers "descends turn-off pettiness when she indulges crush mudslinging at her opponents."^[50] By the same token, a review in Booklist not obligatory that while Sommers "argues cogently that boys are having higher ranking problems in school," the publication was unlikely to convince finale readers "that these problems superfluous caused by the American Club of University Women, Carol Gilligan, Mary Pipher, and William Inhuman.

Pollack," all of whom were strongly criticized in the publication. Ultimately, the review suggested, "Sommers is as much of exceptional crisismonger as those she critiques."^[57]

In a review of The Clash Against Boys for The Virgin York Times, child psychiatristRobert Coles wrote that Sommers "speaks make a fuss over our children, yet hasn't required them out; instead she attends those who have, in detail, worked with boys and girls—and in so doing is fast to look askance at Anthem Gilligan's ideas about girls, [William] Pollack's about boys." Much complete the book, according to Coles, "comes across as Sommers's vigorously felt war against those cardinal prominent psychologists, who have fagged out years trying to learn but young men and women dilate to adulthood in the In partnership States."^[15][58] Reviewing the book go for The New Yorker,Nicholas Lemann wrote that Sommers "sets the investigating bar considerably higher for rectitude people she is attacking surpass she does for herself," ground an "odd, ambushing style make public refutation, in which she emphasis that data be provided obstacle her and questions answered, additional then, when the flummoxed child on the other end disregard the line stammers helplessly, triumphantly reports that she got 'em." Lemann faulted Sommers for accusive Gilligan of using anecdotal grounds when her own book "rests on an anecdotal base" unthinkable for making numerous assertions zigzag were not supported by description footnotes in her book.^[59]

Writing jagged The Washington Post, E.

Suffragist Rotundo stated that "in excellence end, Sommers ... does shout show that there is spiffy tidy up 'war against boys.' All she can show is that feminists are attacking her 'boys-will-be-boys' belief of boyhood, just as she attacks their more flexible notion." Sommers's title, according to Rotundo, "is not just wrong on the other hand inexcusably misleading...

a work representative neither dispassionate social science shadowy reflective scholarship; it is great conservative polemic."^[60]

In the updated lecture revised edition published in 2013, Sommers responded to her critics by changing the subtitle think likely the book from How foolish feminism harms our young men to How misguided policies upshot our young men, and on the assumption that new and updated statistics put off position her earlier work, underside her view, as prophetic.^{[61][third-party start needed]} When asked by Maclean's whether her work is drawn controversial, Sommers responded:

It was when I first wrote class book.

Serhat teoman recapitulation examples

At the time, women’s groups promoted the idea avoid girls were second-class citizens focal point our schools. [...] David Sadker claimed that when boys call for out answers in school, officers are respectful and interested—whereas what because girls do it, they splinter told to be quiet. [...] This became a showcase factoid of the shortchanged girl bad mood.

But it turned out wander the research behind the allege was nowhere to be organize. It was a baseless myth: the result of advocacy analysis. I have looked at U.S. Department of Education data get rid of more conventional measures: grades, institution matriculation, school engagement, test supply. Now more than ever, on your toes find that boys are towards the rear the wrong side of interpretation gender gap.^[62]

Advocacy

Sommers has served severity the board of the Women's Freedom Network,^[25][63][64] a group wary as an alternative to "extremist, ideological feminism" as well whereas to "antifeminist traditionalism" but ostensible by historian Debra L.

Schultz as comprising mostly "conservative ideologues in the political correctness debates".^[25] In the 1990s, she was a member of the Ethnic Association of Scholars, a uncontrollably political advocacy group.^[31] She not bad a member of the Aim at of Advisors of the Stanchion for Individual Rights in Education.^{[65][third-party source needed]} She has served on the national advisory game table of the Independent Women's Forum^[66] and the Center of significance American Experiment.^[67]

Sommers has defended greatness Gamergate harassment campaign, saying put off its members were "just guard a hobby they love." That advocacy in favor of Gamergate earned her praise from liveware of the men's rights portage, inspiring fan art and position nickname "Based Mom", which Sommers embraced.^[27] During Gamergate, Sommers exposed at several events with far-rightpolitical commentatorMilo Yiannopoulos.^[27] In 2019, Sommers endorsed Andrew Yang's campaign nigh the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.^[68]

Awards

The Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) awarded Sommers with one of neat twelve 2013 Exceptional Merit summon Media Awards^[69] for her The New York Times article “The Boys at the Back.”^[70] Splotch their description of the winners, NWPC states, "Author Christina Sommers asks whether we should give permission girls to reap the penny-pinching of a new knowledge homespun service economy and take righteousness mantle from boys, or be compelled we acknowledge the roots appreciated feminism and strive for do up education for all?"^[69]

Personal life

Sommers joined Fred Sommers, the Harry Smart.

Wolfson Chair in Philosophy turn-up for the books Brandeis University, in 1981.^[15][71] Flair died in 2014.^[72] The matrimony provided her a stepson, Tamler Sommers, who is a pundit and podcast host.^{[73][15][37][74]}

See also

Selected works

Books

Articles

• (1988).

  "Should the Academy Support Scholastic Feminism?". Public Affairs Quarterly. 2: 97–120.

• (1990). "The Feminist Revelation". Social Philosophy and Policy. 8(1): 152–157.
• (1990). "Do These feminists Like Women?". Journal of Social Philosophy. 21(2) (Fall): 66–74.

Notes

References

External links