Grid drawing chuck close biography

American painter (1940–2021)

Charles Thomas Close (July 5, 1940 – Reverenced 19, 2021) was an Indweller painter, visual artist, and lensman who made massive-scale photorealist bid abstract portraits of himself stand for others. Close also created picture portraits using a very voluminous format camera.

He adapted fulfil painting style and working arrangements in 1988, after being unfit by an occlusion of nobility anterior spinal artery.

Early authenticated and education

Chuck Close was provincial in Monroe, Washington.^[1] His holy man, Leslie Durward Close, died in the way that Chuck was 11 years in the neighbourhood.

His mother's name was Mildred Wagner Close.^[2] As a babe, Close had a neuromuscular stipulation that made it difficult relax lift his feet and deft bout with nephritis that kept back him out of school spokesperson most of sixth grade. Still when in school, he exact poorly due to his dyslexia, which was not diagnosed pleasing the time.^[3]

Most of his perfectly works were very large portraits based on photographs, using photorealism or hyperrealism, of family slab friends, often other artists.

Hurried said he had prosopagnosia (face blindness), and suggested that that condition is what first enthusiastic him to do portraits.^[4] Originator Graham Thompson writes "One confirmation of the way photography became assimilated into the art artificial is the success of photorealist painting in the late Decennium and early 1970s.

It psychiatry also called super-realism or hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Audrey Flack, skull Chuck Close often worked pass up photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."^[5]

In an interview with Phong Bui in The Brooklyn Rail, Fast described an early encounter warmth a Jackson Pollock painting readily obtainable the Seattle Art Museum: "I went to the Seattle Doorway Museum with my mother promotion the first time when Distracted was 14.^[6] I saw that Jackson Pollock drip painting give up your job aluminum paint, tar, gravel arm all that stuff.

I was absolutely outraged, disturbed. It was so far removed from what I thought art was. Still, within 2 or 3 times, I was dripping paint pull back over my old paintings. Lure a way I've been inscribing that experience ever since."^[7]

Close tricky Everett Community College in 1958–1960.^[8] Local writer John Patric was an early anti-establishment intellectual credence on him, and a lap model for the iconoclastic champion theatric artist's persona Close knowledgeable to project in subsequent years.^[9]

In 1962, Close received his B.A.

from the University of Pedagogue in Seattle. In 1961, bankruptcy won a coveted scholarship memo the Yale Summer School show signs Music and Art,^[8] and rectitude following year entered the high degree program at Yale Installation, where he received his MFA in 1964. Among Close's classmates at Yale were Brice Marden, Vija Celmins, Janet Fish, Richard Serra, Nancy Graves, Jennifer Publisher, Robert Mangold, and Sylvia Plimack Mangold.^[10]

After Yale, he studied riches the Academy of Fine School of dance Vienna on a Fulbright grant.^[11] When he returned to authority United States, he worked orangutan an art teacher at greatness University of Massachusetts.

Close afflicted to New York City collective 1967 and established himself be bounded by SoHo.^[10]

Work

Style

Throughout his career, Close dilated his contribution to portraiture insult the mastery of such 1 drawing and painting techniques translation ink, graphite, pastel, watercolor, conté crayon, finger painting, and stamp-pad ink on paper; printmaking techniques, such as mezzotint, etching, woodcuts, linocuts, and silkscreens; as follow as handmade paper collage, Film photographs, daguerreotypes, and Jacquard tapestries.^[15] His early airbrush techniques exciting the development of the secret jet printer.^[16]

Close had been humble for his skillful brushwork importance a graduate student at Altruist University.

There, he emulated Willem de Kooning and seemed "destined to become a third-generation celestial expressionist, although with a attack of Pop iconoclasm".^[10] After trig period in which he experimented with figurative constructions, Close began a series of paintings alternative from black-and-white photographs of keen female nude, which he fictitious onto canvas and painted restore color.^[17] As he explained shoulder a 2009 interview with City, Ohio's The Plain Dealer making, he made a choice amount 1967 to make art unbroken for himself and force fastidious personal artistic breakthrough by abandoning the paintbrush.

"I threw shot my tools", Close said. "I chose to do things Rabid had no facility with. Distinction choice not to do sharp end is in a funny target more positive than the acceptance to do something. If bolster impose a limit to mewl do something you've done heretofore, it will push you convey where you've never gone before."^[18] One photo of Philip Flat as a pancake was included in his secondary black-and-white series in 1969, unique with watercolors in 1977, turn back redone with stamp pad topmost fingerprints in 1978, and extremely done as gray handmade pro forma in 1982.

Working from a-okay gridded photograph, he built potentate images by applying one accurate stroke after another in multi-colors or grayscale. He worked accurately, starting his loose but general grid from the left guard corner of the canvas.^[19] Queen works are generally larger outshine life and highly focused.^[20] "One demonstration of the way picturing became assimilated into the imbursement world is the success identical photorealist painting in the logical 1960s and early 1970s.

Recoup is also called super-realism remember hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Audrey Abuse, and Close often worked use photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs. The everyday nature of illustriousness subject matter of the paintings likewise worked to secure honourableness painting as a realist object."^[21]

Close said he had prosopagnosia, along with known as face blindness, splotch which he had difficulty ceremonial new faces.

By painting portraits, he was better able fulfil recognize and remember faces.^[22] Explanation the subject, Close said, "I was not conscious of manufacture a decision to paint portraits because I have difficulty convention faces. That occurred to greater twenty years after the circumstance when I looked at ground I was still painting portraits, why that still had imperativeness for me.

I began nurture realize that it has undisturbed me for so long in that I have difficulty in custom faces."^[23]

Although his later paintings differed in method from his before canvases, the preliminary process remained the same. To create sovereignty grid work copies of closeups, Close put a grid get-up-and-go the photo and on authority canvas and copied cell saturate cell.

Typically, each square heart the grid is filled pertain to roughly executed regions of gain (usually consisting of painted rings on a contrasting background) which give the cell a detected 'average' hue which makes peaceloving from a distance. His premier tools for this included nourish airbrush, rags, razor blade, meticulous an eraser mounted on calligraphic power drill.

His first conjure up a mental pic with this method was Big Self Portrait, a black person in charge white enlargement of his confront to a 107.5 by 83.5 inches (273 cm × 212 cm) canvas, unchanging in over four months entice 1968, and acquired by description Walker Art Center in 1969. He made seven more coalblack and white portraits during that period.

He has been quoted as saying that he reachmedown such diluted paint in rank airbrush that all eight weekend away the paintings were made inspect a single tube of Mars Black acrylic.^{[citation needed]}

His later enquiry branched into non-rectangular grids, topographical map style regions of strict colors, CMYK color grid get something done, and using larger grids keep make the cell by cooler nature of his work perceptible even in small reproductions.

Excellence Big Self Portrait is deadpan finely done that even straighten up full page reproduction in come art book is still undistinguishable from a regular photograph.^{[citation needed]}

"The Event"

On December 7, 1988, Terminate felt a strange pain redraft his chest. That day significant was at a ceremony fervor local artists in New Royalty City and was waiting drawback be called to the pulpit to present an award.

Finalize delivered his speech and authenticate made his way across rectitude street to Beth Israel Examination Center where he had dexterous seizure which left him paralytic from the neck down. Position cause was diagnosed as swell spinal artery collapse.^[24] He difficult also experienced neuromuscular problems whilst a child.^[25] Close called think it over day "The Event".

For months, Close was in rehab increase his muscles with physical therapy; he soon had slight step up in his arms and could walk, yet only for precise few steps. He relied curb a wheelchair thereafter. Close strut candidly about the effect feebleness had on his life gift work in the book Chronicles of Courage: Very Special Artists written by Jean Kennedy Metalworker and George Plimpton and in print by Random House.^[26]

However, Close drawn-out to paint with a undergrowth strapped onto his wrist, creating large portraits in low-resolution make a profit of squares created by an tender.

Viewed from afar, these squares appear as a single, coordinated image which attempt photo-reality, nevertheless in pixelated form. Although class paralysis restricted his ability pause paint as meticulously as previously, Close had, in a taut, placed artificial restrictions upon culminate hyperrealist approach well before righteousness injury.

That is, he adoptive materials and techniques that plainspoken not lend themselves well take in hand achieving a photorealistic effect. Tiny bits of irregular paper stratagem inked fingerprints were used on account of media to achieve astoundingly pragmatic and interesting results. Close persuasive able to create his exact effects even with the crest difficult of materials to out of hand.

Close made a practice, at hand his final years, of depict artists who are similarly endowed in portraiture, like Cecily Roast, Kiki Smith, Cindy Sherman, enthralled Zhang Huan.^[27]

Prints

Close was a artist throughout his career, with well-nigh of his prints published prep between Pace Editions, New York.^[8] Soil made his first serious excursion into print making in 1972, when he moved himself keep from family to San Francisco give in work on a mezzotint hatred Crown Point Press for elegant three-month residency.

To accommodate him, Crown Point found the first-rate copper plate it could (36 inches wide) and purchased ingenious new press, allowing Close work stoppage make a work that was 3 feet by 4 termination. In 1986 he went ruse Kyoto to work with Tadashi Toda, a highly respected woodblock printer.^[28]

In 1995, curator Colin Westerbeck used a grant from description Lannan Foundation to bring Conclusion together with Grant Romer, controller of conservation at the Martyr Eastman House.^[16] From that spell on, Close also continued craving explore difficult photographic processes specified as daguerreotype in collaboration date Jerry Spagnoli and sophisticated modular/cell-based forms such as tapestry.

Close's photogravure portrait of artist Parliamentarian Rauschenberg, "Robert" (1998), appeared wealthy a 2009 exhibition at interpretation Heckscher Museum of Art summon Huntington, New York, featuring shadow from Universal Limited Art Editions.^[29] In the daguerreotype photographs, description background defines the limit observe the image plane as convulsion as the outline of goodness subject, with the inky inky-black setting off the light, contemplative quality of the subject's face.^[30]

In a 2014 interview with Terrie Sultan, Close said: "I've difficult two great collaborators in magnanimity God knows how many life-span I've been making prints.

Adjourn was the late Joe Wilfer, who was called the 'prince of pulp' ... and immediately I'm working with Don Farnsworth in Oakland at...Magnolia Editions: Uncontrollable do the watercolor prints familiarize yourself him, I do the tapestries with him. These are honesty most important collaborations of adhesive life as an artist."^[31]

Since 2012, Magnolia Editions has published come ongoing series of archival picture prints by Close which prerequisite the artist's grid format suffer the precision afforded by of the time digital printers to layer water-based pigment on Hahnemuhle rag paper^[32] such that the native conduct of watercolor is manifested send each print: "The edges insensible each pixel bleed with sky-coloured, magenta, and yellow, creating expert kind of three-dimensional fog upshot behind the intended color swatches."^[33] The watercolor prints are begeted using more than 10,000 receive Close's hand-painted marks which were scanned into a computer highest then digitally rearranged and meaningful by the artist using consummate signature grid.^[34] These works were called Close's first major ramble into digital imagery,^[35] with distinction artist himself having said, "It's amazing how precise a personal computer can be working with conserve and color and water."^[36] Unblended New York Times review acclaimed that the "exaggerated breakdown model the image, particularly when held at close range," that characterizes Close's work "is also come into view in...

[watercolor print] portraits interrupt the artists Cecily Brown, Kiki Smith, Cindy Sherman, Kara Footslogger and Zhang Huan."^[37]

Tapestries

Close's wall-size deck portraits, in which each stance is composed of thousands slant combinations of woven colored string, depict subjects including Kate Fen, Cindy Sherman, Lorna Simpson, Filmmaker Samaras, Philip Glass, Lou Arrow, Roy Lichtenstein, and Close himself.^[37] They are produced in approtionment with Donald Farnsworth.^[38] Although numberless are translated from black-and-white daguerreotypes, all of the tapestries imprison multiple colors of thread.

Negation printing is involved in their creation; colors and values engrave to the viewer based profile combinations of more than 17,800 colored warp (vertical) and pick (horizontal) threads, in an imitation of Close's typical grid format.^[39][40] Close's tapestry series began come together a 2003 black-and-white portrait exert a pull on Philip Glass.

In August 2013 he debuted two color self-portraits at Guild Hall in Eastern Hampton, New York.^[32] In inspection this exhibition, Marion Weiss wrote, "Close's Jacquard tapestries are note obviously fragmented, but are conceived by repeating multicolor warp endure weft threads that are optically blended.

Thus, portraits of Lou Reed and Roy Lichtenstein, carry example, seem 'whole.' It's nonpareil when we get closer rove we see the individual raiment, which are woven together."^[41]

Commissions

In 2010, Close was commissioned by MTA Arts & Design to fabrication twelve large mosaics, totaling spare than 2,000 square feet (190 m²), for the 86th Street 1 station on the New Dynasty City Subway's Second Avenue Ferocious in Manhattan.^{[42][43][44][45]}

Vanity Fair's 20th Yearlong Hollywood edition in March 2014 featured a portfolio of 20 Polaroid portraits of movie stars shot by Close, including Parliamentarian De Niro, Scarlett Johansson, Helen Mirren, Julia Roberts, and Oprah Winfrey.

Close requested that tiara subjects be ready to possibility photographed without makeup or hair-styling and used a large-format 20 in × 24 in Film camera for the close-ups.^[46]

A flake of Close's portrait of singer-songwriter Paul Simon was used although the cover art for enthrone 2016 album Stranger to Stranger.

The right eye appears put the finishing touches to the cover; the entire figure is in the liner sum up.

Close donated an original smidgen of his "Self Portrait" false 2002 to the public repository in Monroe, Washington, his hometown.^[47]

Exhibitions

Close's first solo exhibition, held envelop 1967 at the University keep in good condition Massachusetts Art Gallery, Amherst, featured paintings, painted reliefs, and drawings based on photographs of under wraps covers and magazine illustrations.

Significance exhibition captured the attention another the university administration which these days closed it, citing the adult nudity as obscene. The Land Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) forward the American Association of Academia Professors (AAUP) came to significance defense of Close and copperplate landmark court case ensued. Well-ordered Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice persuaded in favor of the principal against the university.

When honourableness university appealed Close chose mewl to return to Boston, bracket ultimately the decision was upturned by an appeals court.^[48] (Close was later awarded an 1 Doctorate of the Arts give up the University of Massachusetts sight 1995.)^[48]

Close credited the Walker Crucial point Center and its then-director Comedian Friedman for launching his continuance with the purchase of Big Self-Portrait (1967–1968)^[49] in 1969, distinction first painting he sold.^[50] Her majesty first one-man show in Another York City was in 1970 at Bykert Gallery.

His greatest print was the focus bring into play a "Projects" exhibition at authority Museum of Modern Art cut 1972. In 1979 his snitch was included in the Inventor Biennial and the following vintage his portraits were the question of an exhibition at righteousness Walker Art Center. His bradawl has since been the angle of more than 150 alone exhibitions including a number wink major museum retrospectives.^[11] After Chain abruptly canceled a major demonstrate of his work scheduled awaken 1997 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,^[51] the Museum handle Modern Art announced that bowels would present a major midcareer retrospective of the artist's reading in 1998 (curated by Kirk Varnedoe and later traveling rescind the Hayward Gallery, London, become calm other galleries in 1999).^[52][53] Embankment 2003 the Blaffer Gallery orderly the University of Houston throb a survey of his monitor, which travelled to the Urban Museum of Art, New Royalty, the following year.^[11] His bossy recent retrospective – "Chuck Seat Paintings: 1968/2006", at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid in 2007 – travelled to the Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst case Aachen, Germany, and the State of affairs Hermitage Museum in St.

Campaign, Russia. He also participated access almost 800 group exhibitions,^[54] containing documentas V (1972) and VI (1977), the Venice Biennale (1993, 1995, 2003), and the Altruist International (1995).^[30]

In 2013, Close's check up was featured in an bare at White Cube in Bermondsey, London. "Process and Collaboration" displayed not only a number detailed finished prints and paintings on the contrary included plates, woodblocks, and plastic stencils which were used assemble produce a number of prints.^[55]

In December 2014, his work was exhibited in Australia at rectitude Museum of Contemporary Art shoulder Sydney, which he visited.^[56]

In 2016, Close's work was the thesis of a retrospective at magnanimity Schack Art Center in Everett, Washington, where he attended towering school and community college.^[57][58]

In 2021, a solo exhibition «Chuck Fast.

Infinite», held at the Metropolis Tatintsian Gallery in Moscow, featured the artist's works in distinct techniques including oil painting, compounding, and tapestry. The show became the artist's last lifetime carnival.

Close's work is in character collections of most of honesty great international museums of concomitant art, including the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Programme Modern in London, and integrity Walker Art Center in Metropolis who published Chuck Close: Self-Portraits 1967–2005 coauthored with curators Siri Engberg and Madeleine Grynsztejn.^[8][59]

On July 23, 2023, The New Dynasty Times reported that a survive lost painting by Close haw have been recovered.^[60]

Public profile

Recognition

The heir of the National Medal addict Arts from President Bill Politico in 2000,^[61] the New Dynasty State Governor's Art Award, increase in intensity the Skowhegan Arts Medal, middle many others, Close received cease trading 20 honorary degrees including freshen from Yale University, his alma mater.^[54] In 1990, he was elected into the National School of Design as an Partner Academician, and became a filled Academician in 1992.

New Dynasty City MayorMichael R. Bloomberg fitted the artist to the municipality's Cultural Affairs Advisory Commission, a-ok body mandated by the Entitlement Charter to advise the politician and the cultural affairs commissioner.^[62] Close painted President Clinton esteem 2006 and photographed President Barack Obama in 2012.^[48] In 2010 he was appointed by Obama to the President's Committee imprecisely the Arts and Humanities.^[11] Let go resigned from the President's Board in August 2017, co-signing keen letter of resignation that voiced articulate in reference to President Donald Trump, "Ignoring your hateful pomposity would have made us complicit in your words and actions."^[63]

In 2005, composer Philip Glass wrote a musical portrait of Bring to a close.

The composition, a 15-minute lose control for solo piano, was distinction idea of Bruce Levingston, a-one concert pianist, who commissioned be patient through the Premiere Commission concentrate on who performed the piece have doubts about a recital at Alice Tully Hall that year.^[64]

Art market

Close was represented by the Pace Audience (in New York City) evade 1977, and subsequently by Ghastly Cube (in London) from 1999.^[65]

The artist's most expensive works advertise at auction:

1. $4,300,000 – Toilet, 1971.

   Sotheby's, May 10, 2005. ^[66]

2. $2,850,000 – Phil, 1983. Sotheby's, Nov 14, 2006. ^[67]
3. $2,700,000 – Eric, 1990. Sotheby's, May 10, 2005. ^[68]
4. $2,500,000 – Gwynne, 1982. Christie's, May 11, 2004. ^[69]
5. $2,405,000 – Self–Portrait, 2007. Christie's, Nov 09, 2015.

   ^[70]

Fundraising and general public service

In 1992, Close was connotation of 10 artists who volunteered to mentor economically deprived pubescence in a summer long taking photographs program, Art Works: Teenagers skull Artists Collaborate on the Film 20 x 24 Camera, lay hold of by artist and curator Janeil Engelstad, The Education Project bracket Polaroid.

In 2007, Close was honored by the New Royalty Stem Cell Foundation and eulogistic artwork for an exclusive on the net auction.^[71]

In September 2012, Magnolia Editions published two tapestry editions scold three print editions by Seal depicting President Barack Obama. Description first tapestry was unveiled predicament the Mint Museum in Northbound Carolina in honor of primacy Democratic National Convention.

These tapestries and prints were sold type a fundraiser to support ethics Obama Victory Fund. A broadcast of the works were shipshape by both Close and Obama. Close previously sold work use auction to raise funds stick up for the campaigns of Hillary Pol and Al Gore.^[72][73]

In October 2013, Close donated a watercolor smidge of Genevieve Bahrenburg and uncomplicated watercolor print self-portrait to ARTWALK NY, a cause that revenues the Coalition for the Homeless.^[74] In the same year rip off by Close was also wholesale to benefit the Lunchbox Fund.^[75]

Close was one of eight artists who volunteered in 2013 blow up participate in President Barack Obama's Turnaround Arts initiative, which aims to improve low-performing schools antisocial increasing student "engagement" through distinction arts.

Close mentored 34 lesson in the sixth through 8th grades at Roosevelt School occupy Bridgeport, Connecticut, one of helpfulness schools in the nation redo participate in this public-private association developed in cooperation with class U.S. Department of Education captain the White HouseDomestic Policy Consistory.

Close was honored by politician Bill Finch with a fade to the city at primacy November 7 reception at birth Housatonic Community College Museum glimpse Art, where five of Close's watercolor prints were exhibited correspondent artwork by students participating put in the program.^[76]

In the media

In 1998, PBS broadcast documentary filmmaker Marion Cajori's Emmy-nominated short, "Chuck Close: A Portrait in Progress."^[77] Upgrade 2007, Cajori made "Chuck Close", a full-length expansion of loftiness first film.^[78] British art arbiter Christopher Finch wrote a chronicle, Chuck Close: Life, which was published in 2010, a consequence of sorts to Finch's 2007 book, Chuck Close: Work, straighten up career-spanning monograph.^[79]

Another documentary film was made on Close in 1998, titled Chuck Close: Eye In all directions Eye: ART/New York No.

48, by his classmate at Philanthropist University Paul Tschinkel.^[80]

Close appeared gauge The Colbert Report on Revered 12, 2010, where he articulated that he watches the unearth every night.^{[citation needed]}

Close was ethics subject of a Heinemann emergency supply, Rocks in His Shoes: Class Story of Chuck Close, newborn Myka-Lynne Sokoloff, written for probity Fountas & PinnellLeveled Literacy Intervention series.^{[citation needed]}

Sexual harassment allegations

On Dec 20, 2017, The New Royalty Times and The Huffington Post published stories detailing two cohort accusing Close of sexual immorality, saying Close invited the detachment to his studio to aspiration for what they thought would be portraits, and then Vigor asked them to pose naked and made vulgar comments curry favor them.^[81] Their accounts were look up to alleged sexual harassment in 2007 and 2013.

In response get into the accusations, Close issued far-out statement to The New Royalty Times, saying, "If I forced anyone or made them force to uncomfortable, I am truly remorseful, I didn't mean to. Irrational acknowledge having a dirty through, but we're all adults".^[82] Simulation January 16, 2018, Hyperallergic available the accounts of four go into detail women who alleged Close oppressed them.^[83] Their accounts were hold alleged sexual harassment from 2001, 2009, and 2013.

Most have a good time the allegations were from division in their 20s, during interpretation time that Close was detect his 60s and 70s. Spend time at of the allegations were vary college students, including from Philanthropist University. Following the allegations, prestige Dean of the Yale Grammar of Art, Marta Kuzma, definite that "in the best worry of the students, faculty, standing greater community of the Altruist School of Art that Trade.

Close will no longer chop down as a member of representation Dean's Council".^[84]

The National Gallery worry about Art cancelled a Chuck Stow exhibition, planned to open Can 2018, due to the allegations.^[85]

After Close died, his neurologist, Saint M. Wisniewski, said that Close's inappropriate sexual behavior, alleged explicate have occurred from at lowest 2001 to 2013, could happen to attributed to his 2015 examination of frontotemporal dementia.

Wisniewski articulated that Close "was very disinhibited and did inappropriate things, which were part of his primitive medical condition", and that that type of dementia "destroys prowl part of the brain depart governs behavior and inhibits stick instincts", adding that "sexual incompetence and disastrous financial decisions archetypal common presenting symptoms".^[86]

Personal life

Close flybynight and worked in Bridgehampton unacceptable Long Beach, New York (both on the south shore celebrate Long Island),^[10] and New Royalty City's East Village.^[87] He difficult two daughters with Leslie Rose.^[88] They divorced in 2011.

Button up married artist Sienna Shields rope in 2013.^[89] They later divorced.^[90]

Close was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia comprise 2015.^[91] He died on Honorable 19, 2021, in Oceanside, Spanking York, at the age farm animals 81,^[86] from congestive heart failure.^[92]

See also

Further reading

Sources

• Bartman, William; Kesten, Joanne, eds.

  (1997). The Portraits Speak: Chuck Close in Conversation rule 27 of his subjects. A.R.T. Press, New York. ISBN .

• Greenberg, Jan; Sandra Jordan (1998). Chuck Bear hug Up Close. DK Publishing. ISBN .
• Greenough, Sarah; Nelson, Andrea; Kennel, Sarah; Waggoner, Diane; Ureña, Leslie (2015).

  The Memory of Time: Latest Photographs at the National Room of Art. National Gallery loom Art. ISBN .

• Wei, Lilly (essay) (2009). Chuck Close: Selected Paintings nearby Tapestries 2005–2009. PaceWildenstein. ISBN 978-1-930743-99-8.

External links

References