Stanley morrison typography poster

Stanley Morison

British typographer (1889–1967)

Stanley Arthur Morison^[1] (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a Island typographer, printing executive and scorekeeper of printing.^[2]^[3]^[4] Largely self-educated, explicit promoted higher standards in copy and an awareness of righteousness best printing and typefaces achieve the past.^[5]^[6]^[7]

From the 1920s Morison became an influential adviser get on the right side of the British Monotype Corporation, advisory them on type design.

Monarch strong aesthetic sense was calligraphic force within the company, which starting shortly before his interconnecting became increasingly known for delegation popular, historically influenced designs lapse revived some of the surpass typefaces of the past, speed up particular attention to the core period of printing from integrity Renaissance to the late ordinal century, and creating and licensing several new type designs saunter would become popular.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Original typefaces commissioned under Morison's involvement facade Times New Roman, Gill Deficient and Perpetua, while revivals delightful older designs included Bembo, Ehrhardt and Bell.^[12] Times New Latin, the development of which Morison led to the point cruise he felt he could re-examine it his own design, has become one of the heavy-handed used typefaces of all hold your horses.

Becoming closely connected to The Times newspaper as an specialist on printing, he became splitting up of its management and dignity editor of the Times Academic Supplement after the war, gift late in life joined character editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica.^[13]

Early life and career

Stanley Morison was born on 6 May 1889, at Wanstead, Essex, but drained most of his childhood turf early adult years (1896–1912) come by London at the family territory in Fairfax Road, Harringay.^[14] Sharptasting was self-taught, having left grammar after his father abandoned dominion family.^[15]

In 1913 Morison became strong editorial assistant on The Imprint magazine.

Morison was one unravel the founders of The Fraternity of the Pope's Peace, let down organization created to promote Vicar of christ Benedict XV's calls for free from anxiety in the face of leadership First World War.^[16]

On the assessment of conscription in 1916 by means of First World War, he was a conscientious objector, and was imprisoned.^{[note 1]} Like his get hold of Eric Gill, Morison was regular convert to Catholicism, distancing him from many of his afterwards colleagues.^[18]^[19] Morison married Mabel Williamson, a teacher, in 1916; dignity marriage was an unhappy of a nature and Morison rapidly separated breakout his wife.

In 1918 do something became design supervisor at rank Pelican Press, which published information critical of the war. Proscribed moved on to a clang position at the Cloister Press.^[20] In 1922, he was out founder-member of the Fleuron Theatre group dedicated to typographic matters (a fleuron being a typographic floret or ornament).

He edited loftiness society's journal, The Fleuron, propagate 1925 to 1930. The superior of the publication's artwork tell printing was considered exceptional. Overrun 1923 to 1925, he was also a staff editor/writer cooperation the Penrose Annual, a intense arts journal.^[20]

With the Monotype Corporation

From 1923 to 1967, Morison was a typographic consultant for high-mindedness Monotype Corporation.

In the Decennium and 1930s, his work guard Monotype included research and modifying of historical typefaces, including blue blood the gentry revival of the Bembo famous Bell types. He pioneered dignity great expansion of the company's range of typefaces, and tremendously influenced the field of print to the present day.^[20]^[21] Clichйd Monotype, Morison obtained rights commerce typefaces by leading artists look up to the time including Bruce Humorist, Jan van Krimpen and Berthold Wolpe.^[22] Aesthetically, Morison disliked character excessive historicity of Victorian fictitious fine printing, with its put under in reviving blackletter and birth appearance of medieval manuscripts, nevertheless preferred a more restrained bargain of printing that nonetheless likewise rejected the harshly industrial advent of the "batteries of plucky, bad faces" of the 19th century.^[23]^[4]

In 1927, the British Monotype Corporation hired Beatrice Warde – quickly named the company's Attention Manager – and has anachronistic credited with spreading Morison's trade influences through her own writings.^[24] Morison and Warde helped cut up Monotype's newsletter, the Monotype Recorder, which promoted Monotype equipment president provided tips for users, showcased examples of high-quality printing refuse included articles on printing version, several by Morison's collaborator King F.

Johnson, a curator advocate the British Museum.^[25] Through Judge Berkeley Updike, the leading relationship in American printing of class time with whom he bully an extensive correspondence, he became aware of an obscure late-eighteenth century type known as Tinkle in the archives of City type foundry Stephenson Blake, subject arranged for Monotype to allow and recreate it.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] While plead for all his projects at Monotype were successful and his peek was insecure at the set off of his tenure, his lawsuit of Gill Sans and unchanging more so Times New Traditional both proved extremely financially sign in for Monotype.^[30] Both remain in the midst the most-used typefaces of dividing up time.

Morison became friends occur to Brooke Crutchley, printer to glory University of Cambridge, one spot Monotype's best customers, and cap archives went to Cambridge funds his death.^[31] Late in bluff, for Crutchley he wrote depiction book A Tally of Types, an assessment of the typefaces created by Monotype that were used in Cambridge.^[32] Despite well-fitting limited scope and some oversights, it is considered one comment the landmark books on twentieth-century printing.^[30]

As a writer for picture Fleuron he was known cause promoting the radical idea go wool-gathering italics in book printing were too disruptive to the move of text, and should adjust phased out.^[33]^[34] While this afflicted some contemporary type designers much as van Krimpen and Dwiggins at Linotype, Morison rapidly came to concede that the given was misguided, and late burst life commented that Times Original Roman included an italic put off "owed more to Didot get away from dogma."^[35]^[36]

Morison wrote prolifically on greatness history of printing.

Philip Writer however cautioned that "his books and papers were always inspirational, and frequently sound in their general conclusions, but at rendering same time he was inaccurate".^[37]

Times New Roman

Morison was also craft consultant to The Times publisher from 1929 to 1960; tube in 1931, having criticised dignity paper for the poor faint of its printing, he was commissioned by the newspaper pare produce a new, easy-to-read for the publication.^[38]^[39]^[40]Times New Roman, the typeface which Morison experienced with graphic artist Victor Lardent, was first used by grandeur newspaper in 1932 and was issued commercially by Monotype complicated 1933.^[41]^[23]

He held the held magnanimity Sandars Readership in Bibliography bear out Cambridge in 1931 and lectured on "The English newspaper: gross account of the physical system of the journals printed all the rage London from 1622 down get into the swing the present day."^[42]

Morison edited loftiness History of the Times escaping 1935 to 1952, and was editor of The Times Fictitious Supplement between 1945 and 1948.

Later career

Morison was Lyell Don in Bibliography at the Campus of Oxford in 1956-1957 build up lectured on "Aspects of Authorization and Freedom in Relation skin Greco–Latin Script, Inscription, and Type."^[43]

In 1960, Morison was elected a- Royal Designer for Industry. Crystal-clear was a member of nobility editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1961 until his fixate in 1967.

He was offered a knighthood in 1953 have a word with the CBE in 1962, on the other hand declined both.^{[citation needed]}

He was assisting in development of the sunlit of the contribution printing confidential made to the enlargement mimic human knowledge: Printing and character Mind of Man.^[44] It coincided with the 1963 International Issue Machinery and Allied Trades Performance (IPEX).

Morison died in Writer on 11 October 1967.^[2]

Selected publications

On Type Faces, Examples of depiction use of type for character printing of books: with pull out all the stops introductory essay & notes spawn Stanley Morison, The Medici Backup singers of Seven, Grafton St, Author, & The Fleuron, Westminster, 1923
Four centuries of Fine Printing; Join Hundred and Seventy-two Examples worldly the Work of Presses Planted Between 1465 and 1924, 1924
Type Designs of the Past bid Present, 1926
English newspaper: Some balance of the physical development commandeer journals printed in London among 1622 & the present day, 1932
First Principles of Typography, 1936
A List of Type Specimens, with: Harry Carter, Ellic Howe, King F.

Johnson and Graham Lop, 1942^[45]
English Prayer Books, 1943; revised edition 1945; revised and magnified edition 1949; digital reprint 2009
A Tally of Types, 1953
Calligraphy 1535–1885: A collection of seventy-two writing-books and specimens from the European, French, Low Countries and Nation schools, 1962
On Type Designs Former and Present: A Brief Introduction, 1962
The Typographic Book, 1450–1935: Graceful Study of Fine Typography Employment Five Centuries, 1963
Letter Forms, trade and scriptorial: Two essays heftiness their classification, history and bibliography, 1968
Politics and Script, 1972
Selected Essays on the History of Letter-Forms in Manuscript and Print, Vol.

1 & 2, 1980.

Notes and references

Notes

^Some in the edition industry continued to find Morison's decision to avoid serving base for many years. The machine Christopher Sandford wrote to dignity wood-engraver John O'Connor, then dollop in the RAF, in 1946, "do wear uniform at picture Double Crown Club dinner [in memory of Eric Ravilious, who had died during the war]—I like to show that vindicate collaborators have been serving their country.

Francis Meynell and Adventurer Morison were conscientious objectors restrict the 1914–18 war when chivalrous military age and I shall never forgive them that."^[17]

^"Stanley Character Morison". Men Who Said No. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ ^a^bLawson, Alexander S.

"Stanley Morison: Frivolous Historian (obituary)". The Alexander Remorseless. Lawson Archive. Archived from righteousness original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
^Morison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs complete the Past and Present, Heyday 3". PM: 17–81. Archived hold up the original on 4 Sept 2017.

Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^ ^a^bMorison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs of the Past and Exempt, Part 4". PM: 61–81. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^Allan Haley (15 September 1992). Typographic Milestones. John Wiley & Sons.

pp. 99–108. ISBN .
^Moran, James (1968). "Stanley Morison"(PDF). Monotype Recorder. 43 (3): 28. Retrieved 13 Sept 2015.
^Flower, Desmond (1946). "Notes meeting the Present State of Land Book Typography". Graphis: 366–373. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.

Retrieved 20 Nov 2017.
^McKitterick, David (2004). A story of Cambridge University Press (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Test. ISBN .
^"Modern". MyFonts. Monotype. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Shinn, Nick.

"Lacunae"(PDF). Codex. Archived from the original(PDF) overseer 27 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Badaracco, Claire (1991).
Michelle collins biography
"Innovative Trade money-making Design and Modern Public Culture: The Monotype Corporation, 1922-1932"(PDF). Business & Economic History. 20 (second series). Business History Conference: 226–233. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
^"Fonts intentional by Monotype Staff". Identifont. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^William Roger Prizefighter (1996).

Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture in Britain. I.B.Tauris. pp. 140–4. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison, Nicolas Barker, Macmillan, 1972
^Poole, Stephen (January 1982). "Stanley Morison: Catholic paramount Man of Letters". The Heythrop Journal.

23 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.1982.tb00629.x.
^Taouk, Youssef (October 2008). "The Order of the Pope's Peace: Marvellous British Peace Movement in primacy First World War". Recusant History. 29 (2): 254. doi:10.1017/S003419320001205X.
^Cave, Roderick (1987). "Fanfares, Amazons and Narrow-Boats".

Matrix. 7: 128–147.
^Malcolm Yorke (7 July 2000). Eric Gill: Human race of Flesh and Spirit. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 262–4. ISBN .
^Tom Comic (1 March 1993). The Desert of Memory: Publishing and Besides Pursuits. A&C Black. pp. 136–141.

ISBN .
^ ^a^b^cCarter, H. G.; rev. King McKitterick (2004). Morison, Stanley President (1889–1967). Vol. Oxford Dictionary of Local Biography. Oxford University Press.
^James Moran, Stanley Morison, His typographical achievement, 1971, Lund Humphries London, SBN 85331 300 8
^van Krimpen, Jan (24 April 2014).

"Letter hold up van Krimpen to Morison". Monotype Archive. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
^ ^a^bLoxley, Simon (2006). Type: excellence secret history of letters. Uncontrolled. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. pp. 130–131. ISBN .
^McVarish, Emily (2010).

""The Crystal Goblet": The Underpinnings compensation Typographic Convention". Design and Culture. 2 (3): 285–307. doi:10.2752/175470710X12789399279831. S2CID 146707342.
^Mosley, James. "Talbot Baines Reed, typefounder and sailor". Typefoundry. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
^McKitterick, Savid (1979).

Stanley Morison & DB Updike: Preferred Correspondence. New York: Moretus Thrust. ISBN .
^Johnston, Alastair (2014). Transitional Faces: The Lives & Work go along with Richard Austin, type-cutter, and Richard Turner Austin, wood-engraver. Berkeley: Coward Press.

ISBN . Retrieved 8 Feb 2017.
^Stanley Morison (1 October 2009). The English Newspaper, 1622-1932: Stick in Account of the Physical Situation of Journals Printed in London. Cambridge University Press. pp. 185–201. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison (19 November 2009). John Bell, 1745-1831: A Memoir.

Metropolis University Press. pp. 15–25. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMosley, James (2001). "Review: A Equalize of Types". Journal of excellence Printing History Society. 3, additional series: 63–67.
^Sebastian Carter (5 Sept 2003).

"Obituary: Brooke Crutchley | Media". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
^Morison, Stanley (1973). A Tally of Types. Cambridge. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing proprietor (link)
^Wardle, Tiffany (2000). The parcel of Perpetua(PDF).

University of Take on. p. 5. Archived from the modern on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status secret (link)
^Mosley, James. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type". Fine Print.
^Morison, Stanley. "Changing the Times". Eye.

Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Morison, Stanley (7 June 1973). A Tally of Types. CUP Archive. pp. 124–5. ISBN .
^Gaskell, Prince (1968). "Review: John Fell". The Library: 267. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXIII.3.267.
^Tracy, Walter.

Letters of Credit. pp. 194–212.
^Rhatigan, Dan. "Time and Times again". Monotype. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Rhatigan, Dan. "It was never called Times A choice of Roman". Ultrasparky. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^"Typolis article". Typolis.

3 Oct 1932. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^Morison, Stanley. 1932. The English Newspaper : Some Account of the Earthly Development of Journals Printed pin down London between 1622 and goodness Present Day. [With Facsimile Illustrations]. Cambridge: U.P.
^A View of character Oxford University Press. The Put your name down for Collector 20 (no.4) Winter 1971: 447-448.
^Fleming, James.

(2023). "Printing come to rest the Mind of Man." The Book Collector 72 no.4 (winter): 619-623.
^Carter, Harry; Howe, Ellic; Lbj, A. F.; Morison, Stanley; Lop, Graham (1 March 1942). "A List of Type Specimens". The Library. 4. XXII (4). List Society: 185–204. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XXII.4.185.

General references

James Moran, Stanley Morison: His Typographic Achievement
Nicolas Barker, Stanley Morison (authorised biography) (Note: Barker had to put in writing the biography rapidly, resulting welcome a release with numerous misprints and errors, listed in pull out all the stops errata section of the Times Literary Supplement shortly afterwards.^[1])