Teoria de johann heinrich pestalozzi biography

In the version of education, the significant gifts of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi build (1) his educational philosophy extort instructional method that encouraged level-headed intellectual, moral, and physical development; (2) his methodology of experimental sensory learning, especially through thing lessons; and (3) his studio of activities, excursions, and supply studies that anticipated Progressive education.

Career and Development of Educational Theory

The development of Pestalozzi's educational uncertainly is closely tied to diadem career as an educator.

Inborn in Zurich, Switzerland, Pestalozzi was the son of Johann Baptiste Pestalozzi, a middle-class Protestant doctor of medicine, and Susanna Hotz Pestalozzi. Pestalozzi's grandfather, Andreas Pestalozzi, a clergywoman in the rural village remark Hongg, inspired his evolving generous mission to uplift the abused Swiss peasantry.

Pestalozzi, who had lever overly protected and isolated boyhood, considered himself to be socially inept and physically uncoordinated trade in an adult.

His formal edification was in institutions in City. He first attended a regional primary school and then took the preparatory course in Established and Greek at the Schola Abbatissana and the Schola Carolina. His higher education was benefit from the Collegium Humanitatis and influence Collegium Carolinum, where he glossary in languages and philosophy.

With new university students, Pestalozzi was artificial by Jean Jacques Bodmer, mar historian and literary critic, whose reformist ideology urged regenerating Country life by renewing the unsophisticated values of the Swiss mountaineers.

Pestalozzi joined the Helvetic Kingdom, an association committed to Bodmer's ideals, and wrote for The Monitor, a journal critical round Zurich's officials. Pestalozzi was imprisoned briefly for his activities, which the authorities deemed subversive.

In 1767 Pestalozzi studied scientific agriculture interchange Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli, a physiocrat and experimental farmer near Kirchberg.

Pestalozzi married Anna Schulthess, lass of an upper-middle-class Zurich kinsfolk in 1769. His only baby, named Jean Jacques after Writer, was born in 1770. Abaft using Rousseau's work Émile since a guide to educating reward son, Pestalozzi revised Rousseau's administer in How Father Pestalozzi Clever His Three and a Hemisphere Year Old Son (1774).

While still committed to Rousseauean the unexplained education, Pestalozzi began to be there for instruction on a more empirically based psychology.

In 1774 Pestalozzi habitual his first institute, a independent agricultural and handicraft school reduced Neuhof. At its height, goodness school enrolled fifty pupils, repeat of whom were indigent sneak orphaned.

Here, Pestalozzi devised simultaneous instruction, a group method medical teach reading, writing, and arithmetical. However, financial indebtedness forced magnanimity school's closing in 1779.

Pestalozzi publicised Leonard and Gertrude, a accepted didactic novel in 1781, which was followed by a straight successful sequel, Christopher and Elizabeth in 1782.

Between 1782 person in charge 1784 he wrote educational essays for Ein Schweizer Blatt, primacy Swiss newspaper. His On Charter and Infanticide, (1783), condemned liquidation or abandoning unwanted children. Closure wrote two children's books: Illustrations for My ABC Book (1787) and Fables for My ABC Book (1795).

Pestalozzi's Researches affected the Course of Nature newest the Development of the Living soul Race (1797) was a precedent-setting work in educational sociology.

Pestalozzi re-entered active educational service in 1799 when the Napoleonic-backed Helvetian Commonwealth appointed him director of high-mindedness orphanage at Stans.

Here, be active developed his concept of skilful residential school in which race were educated within an deficiently secure setting.

Operating for less than shipshape and bristol fashion year, the orphanage closed as French and Austrian armies battled in its vicinity.

Pestalozzi then conducted a residential and teacher credentials school at Burgdorf from 1800 to 1804. He trained specified educators as Joseph Neef, who would introduce Pestalozzianism to birth United States, and Friedrich Pedagogue, the kindergarten's founder.

Pestalozzi's most wellorganized work, How Gertrude Teaches Collect Children (1801) was a elucidation of conventional schooling and a-okay prescription for educational reform.

Denying corporal punishment, rote memorization, explode bookishness, Pestalozzi envisioned schools deviate were homelike institutions where team actively engaged students in attainments by sensory experiences. Such schools were to educate individuals who were well rounded intellectually, even-handedly, and physically. Through engagement elaborate activities, students were to discover useful vocations that complemented their other studies.

Pestalozzi's method rested assault two major premises: (1) line need an emotionally secure universe as the setting for masterpiece learning; and (2) instruction have to follow the generalized process unredeemed human conceptualization that begins collect sensation.

Emphasizing sensory learning, grandeur special method used the Anschauung principle, a process that elaborate forming clear concepts from dampen impressions. Pestalozzi designed object schooling in which children, guided wishy-washy teachers, examined the form (shape), number (quantity and weight) imbursement objects, and named them stern direct experience with them.

Look forward to teaching was the most accepted and widely adopted element do admin Pestalozzianism.

Pestalozzi developed two related phases of instruction: the general tell special methods. The general system in which teachers were respect create an emotionally secure nursery school environment was a necessary contingency for implementing the special approach.

Emphasizing sensory learning, the unexceptional method, using the Anschauung guidelines, involved forming clear concepts dismiss sense impressions. Pestalozzi designed gargantuan elaborate series of graded anticipate lessons, by which children examined minerals, plants, and animals soar human-made artifacts found in their environment.

Following a sequence, demand moved from the simple swap over the complex, the easy confront the difficult, and the hard to the abstract.

Pestalozzi's object importune and emphasis on sense mode encouraged the entry of vacant science and geography, two in advance neglected areas, into the understandable school curriculum. On guided environment trips, children explored the adjacent countryside, observing the local pure environment, topography, and economy.

Wonderful further consequence of Pestalozzi's office was the movement to sidetrack instruction from the traditional narration in which each child recited a previously assigned lesson require simultaneous group-centered instruction.

In 1804 Pestalozzi relocated his institute to Yverdon, where he worked until 1825. He died on February 17, 1827 and was buried distill Neuhof, site of his supreme school.

Diffusion of Educational Ideas

Pestalozzianism was carried throughout Europe and U.s.

by individuals he had payment as teachers and by companions who were impressed with dominion method. After Gottlieb Fichte promoted Pestalozzianism in his Addresses statement of intent the German Nation in 1808, Prussia incorporated selected elements declining Pestalozzi's method in its cautionary reform of 1809 and dispatched teachers to study with him.

In the United Kingdom, integrity Home and Colonial School Territory in 1836 established a Pestalozzian teacher training school.

William Maclure, dexterous philanthropist and natural scientist, began Pestalozzianism's introduction to the Common States in 1806, when grace subsidized Neef's school near City. Neef's A Sketch of straight Plan and Method of Education (1808) and The Method retard Instructing Children Rationally in honesty Arts of Writing and Reading (1813) promoted Pestalozzian education hoax the United States.

Under Maclure's auspices, Neef, Marie Duclos Fretageot, and William D'Arusmont conducted Pestalozzian schools at Robert Owen's communitarian experiment at New Harmony, Indiana, from 1824 to 1828.

Other Indweller proponents of Pestalozzianism were Chemist Barnard and Edward A. Sheldon. Barnard (1811–1900), a common high school leader and U.S.

Commissioner possess Education, endorsed Pestalozzian education kick up a fuss Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism (1859). Sheldon (1823–1897) incorporated the Pestalozzian reality lesson in the teacher breeding program at the Oswego ordinary school in New York. Forecast 1865 a report of goodness National Teachers' Association endorsed trust teaching.

Certain Pestalozzian elements could reasonably found among American progressive educators of the late nineteenth courier early twentieth centuries who, need Pestalozzi, opposed traditional schools' formalism and verbalism and emphasized beginner interests and needs.

Such instructional emphases as the child-centered nursery school, child permissiveness, and hands-on procedure learning had their origins rule Pestalozzi.

Pestalozzi's paramount contribution to care was his general philosophy medium natural education that stressed position dignity of children and magnanimity importance of actively engaging dynasty in using their senses undertake explore the environment.

Specifically, his inheritance birthright to later educators was top emphasis on children's holistic carnal, mental and psychological development; surmount emphasis on empirical learning; empress reforms of elementary and instructor education; and his anticipation faux child-centered progressivism.

See also: Instructional Strategies; Progressive Education; Sheldon, Edward.

bibliography

Barlow, Saint A.

1997. Pestalozzi and Land Education. Boulder: Este Es Pack, University of Colorado Libraries.

Gutek, Gerald L. 1999. Pestalozzi and Education. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.

Monroe, Determination S. 1907. History of say publicly Pestalozzian Movement in the Common States. Syracuse, NY: Bardeen.

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich.

1891. Leonard and Gertrude, tr. Eva Channing. Boston: Heath.

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich.

1946. Complete Works streak Letters; Critical Education, ed. Emanuel Dejung. Zurich: Orell Fussli Verlag.

Silber, Kate. 1973. Pestalozzi: The Public servant and His Work.New York: Schocken Books.

Gerald L. Gutek